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Año 1 - Nº 6 - Enero 2007

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Fundamental Safety Principles  
IAEA, 2006, 21 p.


This publication states the fundamental safety objective and ten associated safety principles, and briefly describes their intent and purpose. The fundamental safety objective — to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation — applies to all circumstances that give rise to radiation risks. The safety principles are applicable, as relevant, throughout the entire lifetime of all facilities and activities — existing and new — utilized for peaceful 

purposes, and to protective actions to reduce existing radiation risks. They provide the basis for requirements and measures for the protection of people and the environment against radiation risks and for the safety of facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks, including, in particular, nuclear installations and uses of radiation and radioactive sources, the transport of radioactive material and the management of radioactive waste.

extraído de:

http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PubDetails.asp?pubId=7592

The 2006 Human Development Report. Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis
United Nations Development Program, 2006, 440 p.

Throughout history water has confronted humanity with some of its greatest challenges. Water is a source of life and a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihoods – but it is also a source of risk and vulnerability. In the early 21st Century, prospects for human development are

threatened by a deepening global water crisis. Debunking the myth that the crisis is the result of scarcity, this report argues poverty, power and inequality are at the heart of the problem.

In a world of unprecedented wealth, almost 2 million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. And water-borne infectious diseases are holding back poverty reduction and economic growth in some of the world’s poorest countries.

Beyond the household, competition for water as a productive resource is intensifying. Symptoms of that competition include the collapse of water-based ecological systems, declining river flows and large-scale groundwater depletion. Conflicts over water are intensifying within countries, with the rural poor losing out. The potential for tensions between countries is also growing, though there are large potential human development gains from increased cooperation.

The Human Development Report continues to frame debates on some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity. 

extraído de:
http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf

Applying Radiation Safety Standards in Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Procedures Using X Rays 
IAEA, 2006, 96 p.

The International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS), jointly sponsored, inter alia, by the IAEA, ILO, WHO and PAHO, establish requirements on the legal persons responsible for designing, running and

decommissioning practices involving ionizing radiation. These requirements are basic and general in nature. This report is intended to be of assistance to both regulators and users of radiation sources in diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures using X rays in applying the BSS to this practice. Regulators will find it useful for reviewing applications for authorization and for the inspection of the practice. Users of radiation in radiology may follow the guidance provided in order to comply with BSS requirements or equivalent national requirements. Experts recruited on IAEA missions to advise on the implementation of the BSS for the practice of diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures using X rays are expected to use this regulatory guidance report rather than their own national regulations and guidance.  

extraído de:
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PubDetails.asp?pubId=7115




L’énergie nucléaire et le projet EPR (European Pressurized water Reactor)
EDF, Octobre 2006, s.p.

EDF et les opérateurs nucléaires internationaux travaillent sur des réacteurs «nouvelle génération» plus sûrs, plus compétitifs et plus respectueux encore de l'environnement. Version évoluée de réacteurs actuels, l'EPR (European Pressurized Reactor) fait partie de ces nouvelles technologies nucléaires.

  Le 4 mai 2006, EDF a décidé, suite au débat public dont le contenu a fait l'objet d'un rapport publié le 11 avril 2006, d'engager la réalisation d'une troisième unité de production sur le site de Flamanville de type EPR (European Pressurized Reactor). Le "1er béton" du réacteur devrait débuter fin 2007 pour une mise en service en 2012. Développé par des équipes françaises et allemandes, notamment l'ingénierie d'EDF, l'EPR cumule tous les progrès récents en matière de

sûreté, de sécurité, de respect de l'environnement et de rentabilité économique. Il présente une continuité technique avec les centrales existantes dont il intègre le retour d'expérience. Sa réalisation maintenant donnera à EDF le temps d'éprouver ce nouveau modèle de réacteur avant de lancer - si la décision est prise le moment venu - une série de réacteur en vue du remplacement des centrales actuelles qui pourraient être arrêtées.

Lors du débat public sur le projet Flamanville 3 qui s’est déroulé du 19 octobre 2005 au 18 février 2006, EDF s’est engagé à diffuser une version publique du Rapport Préliminaire de Sûreté de Flamanville 3. Ce document est destiné à donner à tous une vision précise, technique et exhaustive du projet, Flamanville 3. Il marque la volonté d’EDF, de réaliser ce projet en toute transparence.

extraído de:
http://www.edf.fr/35054i/Accueil-fr/Infos-Nucleaire/Le-nucleaire-du-futur/L-EPR.html

Retrieval of Fluidizable Radioactive Wastes from Storage Facilities 
IAEA, October 2006, 142 p.

Some radioactive wastes arising at nuclear facilities have been stored for an extended period of time, often beyond the expected life of the storage vessels. IAEA Member States are moving forward with actions to retrieve such wastes for safe disposition. This document covers the development of waste retrieval systems, with a specific focus on the safe removal and transfer of wastes which are in fluid form or 

which can be mobilised as a wet or dry media. Detailed discussions are included on retrieval methodology, technologies and approaches. Extensive examples are provided for 21 waste retrieval projects completed or currently underway around the world, including lessons learned.

extraído de:
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PubDetails.asp?pubId=7516

 

Informe del Comité Científico de las Naciones Unidas para el Estudio de los Efectos de las Radiaciones Atómicas
Naciones Unidas, Asamblea General, Sexagésimo primer período de sesiones, 2006, Sup. Nº 46 (A/61/46), 26 p.

Comité Científico de las Naciones Unidas para el Estudio de los Efectos de las  Radiaciones Atómicas. Informe sobre el 54º período de sesiones (29 de mayo a 2 de junio de 2006).


extraído de:
Link - http://www.un.org/spanish/aboutun/organs/ga/61/doc.shtml

 

Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2005
IAEA, August 2006, 72 p.

The Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2005 reports on worldwide efforts to strengthen nuclear, radiation, transport and radioactive waste safety and emergency preparedness.

A short analytical overview is supported by more detailed Annexes: Safety Related Events and

Activities Worldwide during 2005 (Annex 1), The Agency’s Safety Standards: Activities during 2005 (Annex 2) and Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage: International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (INLEX) (Annex 3).

A draft Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2005 was submitted to the March 2006 session of the Board of Governors in document GOV/2006/4. The final version of the Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2005 was prepared in the light of the discussions in the Board.

extraído de:

http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC50/GC50Inf
Documents/English/gc50inf-2_en.pdf

Living Planet Report 2006
WWF, 2006, 44 p.

Humanity's demands exceed our planet's capacity to sustain us. The Living Planet Report is WWF's periodic update on the state of the world's ecosystems. It describes the changing state of global biodiversity and the pressure on the biosphere arising from human consumption of natural

resources. It is built around two indicators: the Living Planet Index, which reflects the health of the planet’s ecosystems; and the Ecological Footprint, which shows the extent of human demand on these ecosystems. These measures are tracked over several decades to reveal past trends, then three scenarios explore what might lie ahead. The scenarios show how the choices we make might lead to a sustainable society living in harmony with robust ecosystems, or to the collapse of these same ecosystems, resulting in a permanent loss of biodiversity and erosion of the planet’s ability to support people. 

extraído de:
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf