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Measurement Uncertainty - A Practical Guide for Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories
IAEA TECDOC Series, May 2008, 60 p.
The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance to SSDLs on how to assess and report measurement uncertainty related to their calibration services in a way that is consistent with the GUM. It includes a review of the calibration procedures and model equations used by SSDLs in Section 2, a tutorial part on how to assess the various uncertainty components in Section 3, and two practical examples of typical calibrations in 60Co gamma ray beams. The practical examples, linked to the
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concepts described in Sections 2 and 3, are given to help the user in preparing the uncertainty budget. Although the scope of this publication is limited to a model equation used in 60Co gamma beam for radiotherapy dosimetry, the concept can be extended to cover X ray dosimetry for radiotherapy and radiation protection dosimetry. For the calibration of instruments used in diagnostic radiology, the guidance given in IAEA technical Reports Series No. 457 should be followed.
Extraído de: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1585_web.pdf
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Managing Radioactive Waste Safely - A Framework for Implementing Geological Disposal
Defra, BERR and the devolved administrations for Wales and Northern Ireland (UK), June 2008, 100 p.
The UK has accumulated a substantial legacy of radioactive waste from a variety of different nuclear programmes, both civil and defence-related. Some of this waste is already in storage, but most will only become waste over several decades as existing nuclear facilities are decommissioned. The government is committed to finding a safe solution for the management of higher activity radioactive waste that: ensures the long term
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protection of people and the environment; does this in an open and transparent way; is based on sound science; uses public monies effectively.
Following a thorough review, experts have advised that geological disposal, coupled with safe and secure interim storage, is the best option. Geological disposal is internationally recognised as the preferred approach for the long-term management of higher activity radioactive waste.
The construction and operation of a geological disposal facility will be a multi-billion pound, high technology project that will provide skilled employment for hundreds of people over many decades. In addition, there may be other benefits for a host community that might be agreed through discussions with government.
The government has invited communities to express an interest in beginning discussions, without commitment, on the possibility of hosting a geological disposal facility at some point in the future.
Published as part of the Managing Radioactive Waste Safely (MRWS) programme, this White Paper sets out the UK Government’s framework for managing higher activity radioactive waste in the long-term through geological disposal, coupled with safe and secure interim storage and ongoing research and development to support its optimised implementation. It also invites communities to express an interest in opening up without commitment discussions with Government on the possibility of hosting a geological disposal facility at some point in the future.
Extraído de: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/radioactivity/mrws/index.htm
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Job Creation in the Nuclear Renaissance
Clean and Safe Energy Coallition (US), 2008, 36 p.
Electric companies have filed license permits to begin building the next wave of nuclear power plants to help meet fast-growing electricity demand. This new era of nuclear energy will translate into tens of thousands of jobs created to build, maintain and support new reactors. As many as 4,000 workers will be needed at a single site during peak periods of new nuclear plant construction.
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Executive Summary | Report
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El Proyecto Expel se concibe como un avance más dentro del ámbito general de caracterización sísmica de emplazamientos específicos, con especial incidencia en el contexto de la Península Ibérica. El objetivo principal es el desarrollo de un
código informático de ayuda al experto para la evaluación de la peligrosidad sísmica siguiendo la línea metodológica PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment), que además del propio cálculo probabilista de la peligrosidad incluye
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herramientas para la cuantificación de la incertidumbre, como el árbol lógico y las simulaciones de Monte Carlo, así como la técnica de la desagregación de la peligrosidad para determinar las características de los terremotos de control.
El código se completa con una serie de bases de datos y programas auxiliares que agilizan y automatizan las diferentes tareas incluidas en la evaluación de la peligrosidad sísmica, personalizados particularmente para contemplar la sismicidad y tectónica de la Península Ibérica.
Extraído de: http://www.csn.es/publicaciones/Expel.pdf
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Programa para la educación y el capacitación de técnicos en radioterapia (terapeutas, tecnólogos)
IAEA Training Course CD Series, 2007, 82 p.
La radioterapia es un componente fundamental en el tratamiento moderno del cáncer, pero desafortunadamente no es accesible para la mayoría de los pacientes en estos países. El Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA) ha venido prestando asistencia a los Estados Miembros en la
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creación, el funcionamiento y el mejoramiento de servicios de radioterapia. Además de la capacitación en radioncología destinada a médicos y especialistas en física médica, estas actividades también abarcan la capacitación de los profesionales (conocidos en distintos países como radioterapeutas, técnicos en radiología o radiografía terapéutica manipuladores, etc.) que se encargan de la utilización efectiva de las máquinas de radioterapia para el tratamiento de los pacientes. La escasez de esos profesionales bien capacitados representa un grave obstáculo para el acceso de los pacientes oncológicos a la radioterapia.
Las actividades de enseñanza y capacitación financiadas por el OIEA abarcaban a menudo el envío de RTT (del inglés: “Radiation Therapy Technologist) al extranjero, lo cual entrañaba costos considerables y el riesgo de “fuga de cerebros”. Si bien en muchos países de África y Asia la capacitación de RTT aún está en sus comienzos, será fundamental contar con programas de capacitación a nivel nacional y subregional para satisfacer las necesidades actuales y futuras de profesionales bien capacitados. Para abordar este problema, los coordinadores de proyectos del AFRA y el ACR decidieron elaborar un plan de estudios armonizado, que abarcara unos contenidos mínimos y aceptables, para la enseñanza y capacitación de RTT.
Extraído de: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TCS-25_PDF/TCS-25.pdf
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The UK capability to deliver a new nuclear build programme
Nuclear Industry Association - UK, 2008, 8 p.
Following the Government’s announcement in January 2008 that it was in the public interest for new nuclear power stations to play a role in the UK’s future energy mix, along with other low carbon energy sources, the Nuclear Industry Association (NIA)
reviewed its original 2005/06 study on “UK capability to deliver a new nuclear build programme”(Note 1). This included all four designs that had been submitted to the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) for Generic Design Assessment, and assessed the impact of other key developments since the March 2006 report.
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Extraído de:
http://www.niauk.org/images/stories/pdfs/supplement%20for%20web.pdf
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Proposals for Promoting the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy and Re-inforcing Nuclear Non-Proliferation.
Study Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation (JP), 17 Apr 2008, 6 p.
These proposals to the Japanese government and to the international community have been developed by a Study Group on Nuclear Non-Proliferation headed by Mr. Shunji Yanai, former Ambassador of Japan to the United States of America, through careful examination over several years of the circumstances described below.
Background - Global warming and energy security are both
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important issues that are directly linked with the lives of citizens. Nuclear energy has been attracting increasing attention for its potential role as an effective means of addressing these two issues simultaneously; however, in order for nuclear power to fulfill its expected role into the future, it is vital to work on nuclear safety, security and non-proliferation initiatives; in addition to the fact that India, Pakistan and Israel have not joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), North Korea's announced withdrawal from the NPT and subsequent nuclear testing, suspicions that Iran and other countries are developing nuclear weapons, and the risk of nuclear terrorism by non-State actors are all signs of the increasingly extensive menace of nuclear proliferation; in order to deal with the menace of this sort of nuclear proliferation, there is a need for stronger control measures on peaceful use of nuclear energy. Nuclear-weapon States will need to make efforts towards nuclear disarmament in order for non-nuclear-weapon States to concede new control measures.
Extraído de: http://www.jaif.or.jp/english/news/2008/proposal_abstract.pdf
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This Safety Guide provides practical guidance and recommendations to meet the requirements on research reactor safety. It addresses aspects of those core management activities that should be performed to allow optimum reactor core operation and reactor utilization for experiments without compromising the limits imposed by the design safety considerations relating to the fuel assemblies and the reactor as a whole. It also covers the management of in-core and out-of-core experimental devices. The incorporation of newly designed |
fuel assemblies into an existing core is also considered. The guidance on handling fuel and core components covers the aspects of receipt, storage and handling of fresh fuel assemblies and other core components; inspection of fresh fuel assemblies; loading and unloading of fuel assemblies and core components; inspection of irradiated fuel; insertion and removal of other reactor materials, either manually or by automated systems; and preparation of fuel assemblies for shipment and loading of a transport container with irradiated fuel.
Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Management system for core management and fuel handling; 3. Core management; 4. Handling and storage of fresh fuel; 5. The refuelling programme; 6. Handling and storage of irradiated fuel; 7. Handling and storage of core components; 8. Preparation of fuel for dispath; 9. Administrative and organizational aspects; 10. Documentation; Annex: Reasons for core management for research reactors.
Extraído de: http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/PubDetails.asp?pubId=7803
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